Nestled in the picturesque landscape of the Pieniny Mountains, Niedzica Castle—also known as Dunajec Castle—rises majestically. This medieval fortress, built between 1320 and 1326 by Kokos of Brezovica, towers 566 meters above the Dunajec River. Its impressive location on Lake Czorsztyn and its fascinating history make it one of the most significant and mystical places in Poland.
A Turbulent History – Border Fortress and Crossroads of Two Cultures – The history of Niedzica Castle is closely intertwined with Polish-Hungarian relations. Since the 14th century, the castle has served as a border outpost and a connecting point between the two countries. Its strategic potential was utilized not only for diplomatic purposes—such as securing a royal loan under Sigismund of Luxembourg—but also for defense against advancing attackers. Over the centuries, the castle changed hands several times. Originally built by the Hungarian nobleman Kokos, it later passed into the possession of the distinguished Zápolya family before being transferred to William Drugeth in the wake of the political power struggles over the Hungarian crown. Further changes of ownership followed, including Hieronim Łaski and Ján Horváth of Plaveč, who each carried out extensive renovations. However, the castle did not acquire its present appearance until the final restoration work, which was completed in 1963. Since then, it has served as a museum and opens its doors to both history enthusiasts and adventure seekers.
A Castle Through the Ages – Challenges and Preservation – The creation of the artificial Czorsztyn Lake in 1994 marked a milestone in the history of Niedzica Castle. The construction of the dam not only altered the region’s geography but also posed new challenges for the preservation of the castle and its foundations. The castle hill consists of durable limestone resting on layers of slate and marl. However, increasing signs of weathering made extensive restoration work necessary, including concrete reinforcements and protective measures against erosion. Today, the stability of the castle and its surroundings is continuously monitored to preserve this gracefully aged cultural heritage for future generations. Despite the challenges, the castle remains a fascinating place that captivates visitors with its charm and distinctive atmosphere.
The Secrets of Niedzica – Legends and Myths – The greatest mystery surrounding Niedzica Castle is likely the legend of Sebastián Berzeviczy and his connection to the Incas. According to the stories, Berzeviczy traveled to the New World in the 18th century, where he fell in love with an Inca princess. Their daughter, Umina, is said to have later married a member of the famous Túpac Amaru family, whose name has long been associated with resistance against Spanish colonial rule. The legend takes a tragic turn when Umina’s husband, Andrés Túpac Amaru, dies under mysterious circumstances in Italy. Umina and her son Anton then fled back to Hungary with Sebastián and settled at Niedzica Castle. But even here, fate would not leave them in peace: Umina was allegedly murdered, and her 1797 will, which supposedly contained clues to a hidden Inca treasure, went unnoticed. Rumors of hidden “quipu” scrolls and the possibility of incredible riches inside the castle persist to this day. The idea that a treasure might be hidden somewhere deep within the walls of Niedzica continues to capture the imagination of historians, treasure hunters, and romantics. Expeditions and theories about the Inca treasure now extend as far as the legendary Lake Titicaca in Peru—yet concrete evidence remains elusive.
A Place Full of Stories—of Countesses, Counts, and Sinister Figures – The stories surrounding Niedzica Castle are not limited to the Inca legend. There are accounts of tyrannical nobles who tormented their subjects and of scandalous incidents that permeated the castle’s walls. The place’s gloomy atmosphere has inspired numerous writers and artists, including the Croatian author Roko Zaper, who used the castle as the setting for his graphic novel “Rainbow and the Sun.” In it, a fictional character, Andre Benesz, discovers his own past and grapples with the mysteries of his origins.
The Present – A Living Museum and Cultural Treasure – Although parts of the castle are now in ruins, Niedzica has lost none of its appeal. Today’s museum preserves the remnants of that era, including paintings such as the depiction of the Crucifixion in the old chapel, as well as a collection of historical weapons and antique clocks. Particularly noteworthy is the collection of Hungarian artifacts bequeathed to the castle by former ambassador Ákos Engelmayer. It includes historical maps, engravings of kings and battles, and works of art documenting the longstanding connection between Poland and Hungary. Architecturally, the castle is also a masterpiece. With an idyllic courtyard surrounded by arcades and fortress walls, it invites visitors on a journey into the past. The view of the Pieniny Mountains and Lake Czorsztyn offers an additional spectacular glimpse into the beauty of nature.
A Place Where History Comes Alive – Niedzica Castle is more than just a monument to Polish history; it is a place where stories of cultures, intrigues, and myths converge. Whether as the setting for historical events, a source of inspiration for legends, or the destination of treasure-hunting adventures—this castle remains a source of endless fascination. For visitors willing to delve into the depths of this fascinating world, Niedzica Castle offers an unparalleled journey into a time that is as mystical as it is vibrant. Who knows, perhaps somewhere within its ancient walls lies the key to one of humanity’s greatest mysteries—the lost treasure of the Incas.
